What distinguishes informed consent?

Informed consent is characterized by the patient's understanding of the risks and benefits associated with a medical procedure or treatment. It signifies that the patient has been provided with comprehensive information about what they are consenting to, which empowers them to make an educated decision regarding their healthcare. This process involves discussions about the nature of the procedure, potential risks, expected benefits, alternatives, and any complications that might arise.

When patients are fully informed, they can weigh the benefits against the possible downsides, leading to a more autonomous and confident decision-making process. This is crucial in fostering a trusting relationship between healthcare providers and patients, ensuring that patient autonomy is respected.

The other options describe scenarios that do not meet the criteria for informed consent, such as silence implying consent or consent being given without proper understanding of the underlying risks. Informed consent necessitates clear communication and understanding, making option C the defining characteristic of informed consent practices in healthcare.